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Escherichia coli, commonly abbreviated as E. coli, is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Escherichia genus.

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E. coli is widespread in nature and can be found in various  environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of  humans and animals.

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In the human gut, E. coli plays a crucial role in digestion and helps  produce certain vitamins like vitamin K. It also competes with harmful  bacteria, contributing to gut health.

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There are numerous strains of E. coli, with most being harmless and even  beneficial. However, some strains can cause various illnesses, ranging  from mild gastroenteritis to severe infections.

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Certain pathogenic strains of E. coli are responsible for foodborne  illnesses and can cause outbreaks of food poisoning. Examples include E.  coli O157:H7, which is associated with severe foodborne illnesses.

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Pathogenic E. coli can be transmitted through contaminated food, water,  or contact with infected individuals. Improper food handling,  contaminated water sources, and poor hygiene practices can contribute to  its spread.

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Infections caused by pathogenic E. coli can lead to symptoms such as  diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, vomiting, and fever.

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E. coli is one of the most extensively studied and well-understood bacteria in molecular biology and genetics.

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Certain strains of E. coli are used as indicators of water quality.  Their presence in water sources can indicate fecal contamination and  potential health risks